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Archive for the ‘architecture’ Category

Architectural CAD Drawing literally means architectural drawings on Computer in digital format. This finds application for residential, commercial projects, floor design, elevations, 2D and 3D presentation drawings. These drawings and documents cater to realtors, owners, consultants, engineers and contractors. CAD (Computer Aided Design) is primarily be used for architectural and structural drafting services.

Full Architectural CAD services would include working on existing, new build developments and planning applications. Architecture CAD Drawing and Drafting Services also cater to:
1. Architectural layout & landscaping CAD drawings
2. Architectural floor plan
3. Expertise in elevations roof and foundation plans
4. Space plan CAD drawings
5. Furniture CAD drawings
6. Reflected ceiling plans/ CAD drawings
7. Evacuation CAD plans
8. Sanitation & piping plan
9. Architectural sections
10. Detailed architectural working CAD drawings
11. HVAC drafting
12. Sewerage & drainage plans
Why use architectural rendering solutions?
Presenting your project or product in visually appealing form gives you an edge over other artistic mediums. Clients rely on the final product so why not present your product with a 3D rendering, animation or walkthroughs.
3D Rendering and walkthroughs are becoming increasingly important selling concepts in the world of architectural design. Would you like to take a look at your newly constructed office building without being physical present on the location? Would you also like to take a look at the flooring you have chosen for your house? Through 3D Rendering and walkthrough, you can do all this!
Architectural rendering provides:
• Interior architectural renderings
• Architectural renderings of apartments and condos
• Exterior architectural renderings
• Photomontage architectural renderings
• 3D visualization and architectural visualization
• Walkthroughs or flythrough
• Animated architectural illustration
• 3D House Plans
Architectural rendering and walkthroughs have become a powerful application. They are not only powerful marketing tools, but also assist in finding design faults before construction work begins.

eEngineers offer architectural design services like building and structural design, exterior and interior 3D rendering, architectural as built drawing, plans, elevation and sections, architectural drafting, architectural drawing, landscaping, and 3D modeling.

With the development of complex technology of internet and communication network, limitations between the two countries have slashed significantly giving a constructive significant benefit to big organization to decrease their significant overhead operating expense, high effort cost and precious time to increase their competence, growth and to remain economical in the rising competitive marketplace. Outsourcing is a cost-effective and consistent option which gives a great quality results that has been established by big winning organizations.

With the eEngineers quickly rising in scope and difficulty, design-build contractors, leading architectural firms, and real estate developers fundamentally look for high-end, specialized services to support their core competencies, make sure quick rotate, and improve overall operational competence of the construction procedure. Cutting down on expenses also leftovers a crucial factor for business success as manufacturing players are frequently compelled to invest a lot in advance technologies like 3D animation and BIM, as well as skilled human resources. Outsourcing your custom supplies to a outsourcing solutions leader like eEngineers not only provides right to use to best industry practices and sufficient technical expertise but also guarantees high-class results delivered round the clock while you advantage from most favorable scalability and significant cost compensation.

We are an Indian based service provider company provides architectural services to India, US, and UK clients.

Benefit of using our Architectural Services

We contain a unique expertise in providing quality architectural service.

Our architectural design teams have been as long as high-quality architectural design, 3D architectural rendering, architectural drafting, architectural engineering, and architectural layout & landscaping CAD drawings, etc.

We offer high quality work at very sensible price as compared to other architectural services or architectural firms.

We can make any multifaceted architectural design as per your necessities and the entire project is handled in more professional technique.

We have highly skilled manpower that can give you reliable 100% quality work.

An architectural engineer applies the skills of many engineering regulations to the design, operation, maintenance, construction, and renovation of buildings even as paying concentration to their impacts on the nearby environment.

We at eEngineers include wealth of expertise and skill in architecture and civil engineering to give you solutions that unite imagination, functionality and cost. Outsourcing significant architectural design services similar to building and structural design, elevations & sections, exterior and interior 3d rendering, plans, and cost estimation good business intelligence.

We are 100% sure we will be able to give you quality work at very reasonable price. Contact us at once for your immediate architectural rservices requirement at “(+91)-0-938-357-1677” or email us at “eengineersbiz@gmail.com”.

eEngineers provides the maximum quality professional services in architectural engineering, Structural engineering, civil engineering, drafting, and design to private and public clients.

In India, the construction and real estate is seeing a positive boom. The focus has shifted from just basic functionality to aesthetics, comfort, luxury and style. Hence, the demand for good architects is also on the rise. Architecture involves planning and designing of building and structures. A good architect can create marvels that remain as a testimony to his talent for ages. Taj Mahal, Eiffel Tower, pyramids of Egypt, Hotel Burj Al Arab, and many more like these are masterpieces of ancient and modern architecture. Today, architects need to blend their vision and dreams with materials to come up with structures that are high quality, with good functionality and environmentally friendly too.

Architects are required to design a variety of structures such as houses, apartments and colonies, shopping and commercial complexes, offices and industrial complexes, hospitals, hotels, airport terminals, schools etc. They are also required if a building has to be renovated or repaired. Thus, the demand for architects will never dwindle.

All those who are looking to make a career in this field have a few things to keep in mind. Ideally, students good at physics and mathematics are better suited to study architecture. To become an architect, one should have creativity with an interest towards designing. It is beneficial if one can also sketch and draw with a free hand. One should be socially and environmentally aware apart from being technically and mathematically sound to become a good architect. Of course, good communication skills, physical ability to work on the site, high concentration level, flexibility, patience, team spirit, responsibility and accountability can take one a long way in this field.

There are good training courses in architecture offered by institutes across India. To apply for a course, one should have completed higher secondary education with physics, chemistry, mechanical/ engineering drawing and mathematics, with a minimum of 60 percent marks. Most of the schools conduct entrance tests through national and state level entrance examinations. For entry to undergraduate programmes in government and private institutes, national level entrance examination is conducted by the Council of Architecture. However, there are separate state level tests too, such as one conducted by Tamil Nadu. Indian Institutes of Technology also offer architecture programmes. Entrance to these programmes is through the Joint Entrance Exams (JEE) held in May each year. Other than theses, one has to appear for an aptitude test to ensure admission.

The degree course B.Arch is a 5 year course. After the graduate course, one can also study architecture at the post graduate course which varies from 18 months to 2 years.

There are various good institutes that offer courses in architecture. School of Planning & Architecture in New Delhi offers two Undergraduate Programmes leading to Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture and Planning. The Bachelor of Architecture is a five-year programme. The school also offers the Master’s and Doctoral Programmes in Architecture. SPA offers a 4-year programme in Bachelor of Planning.

Chandigarh College of Architecture (CCA) is another good institute. The college conducts a five year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Architecture (B.Arch.) The admission is made on the basis of the Common Entrance Test (CET) and Architecture Aptitude Test conducted by the Punjab University.

Based in Mumbai, the Sir J J School of Art conducts a 5-year course in Bachelor Of Architecture (B Arch). and a 3-year Master Of Architecture Degree. The institute also offers short term courses in computer education relevant to architecture after college hours.

Apart from these, there are other good schools like School of Architecture CEPT, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad; Lucknow University, Govt. College of Architecture; Goa University, College of Architecture; Indian Education Society’s College of Architecture, Mumbai; Pune University, Marathwada Mitra Mandal College of Architecture; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, School of Planning & Architecture, Hyderabad; Kerala University, College of Engineering, Thiruvananthpuram; Anna University, School of Architecture & Planning., Chennai; IPS Academy, School of Architecture, Indore; Bengal Engineering College, West Bengal; Sushant School of Art and Architecture, Gurgaon; Vastu Kala Academy, School of Architecture & Interior Designing, New Delhi.

Some architects go in for specialization in India and abroad. The fiels of specialization could be urban designing, regional planning, building engineering and management, architectural conservation, industrial design, landscape arhitecture, naval architecture, architecture concerning traffic and transport planning etc.

There are a lot of avenues to choose from for architects. There are opportunities available in government as well as private sectors. The government organisations include Public Works Department, the Archaeological Department, Ministry of Defence, Departments of Railways, Post and Telegraphs, Public Sector Undertakings, National Building Organisation, Town and Country Planning Organisation, National Institute of Urban Affairs, Housing and Urban Development Corporation, National Building Construction Corporation Ltd., City Development Authorities etc. One can also go or private practice and start own firm and become a successful architect. After all, it requires dreams and good vision to make a mark in this industry.

With the influx of modern computing technology, architectural design has undergone a sea change. Modern architectural design employs a wide suite of architectural design software to achieve architectural building design like never before. Today, architectural design firms execute projects of such flawless quality and at unbelievably fast turnaround times.

Modern architectural design softwares allow quick integration of modifications to the entire architectural design project. Therefore, there is no repetition of work. Softwares like Chief Architect, Revit, can seamlessly allow changes in all three dimensions, when any change is brought about in only one dimension. Thus, it saves time out of making changes in all facets. With the application of 3D animation softwares like 3Ds Max and Maya, both architectural building design and architectural interior design have been elevated to a new paradigm.

Architectural interior design has entered into a new zone entirely. Today, there is such huge emphasis on building interiors that clients are ready to spend as much as the building construction cost itself. Subtle elements of architectural interior design like lighting, shades, contours, and space utilization is regarded with intricate detailing. Clients want to have the best living spaces money could buy. Be it architectural home design or architectural office design, people view their living space as an extension of their persona.

Architectural house design too has become increasingly complex in design, due to greater flexibility allowed by technology and building materials. Even standard architectural design firms give the finest in modern architectural design styles inspired from creative movements like cubism, structuralism, post-modernism, de-constructivism, etc. Pre-fabricated building components are in greater preference by architectural design firms.

Architectural design softwares allow awe-evoking arrangement of steel, concrete, and glass to create complex building structures that might resemble a beetle or a lotus flower. The Sydney Opera House and the Guggenheim Museum are two solid examples of such architectural design finesse. Architectural design firms too have become highly competent and find new ways of implementing latest technology drawn from diverse fields into architectural building design.

BluEnt is a top architectural design firm with over three decades of experience in architectural building design. We produce complete construction documents from your schematic architectural designs. BluEnt has expertise in the latest architectural design softwares like Chief Architect, Revit, ArchiCAD, Maya, 3Ds Max, etc. We have the best practices knowledge in the latest architectural interior design concepts. We have successfully managed architectural home designs in crafting exquisite condominiums for high profile clients in different countries of the world, including US, UK, Australia, NZ, etc.

Architectural Concept Design – Value Added Architecture

 INTRODUCTION

 The question frequently asked by those who have an economic world view – those who say that the world is made out of demand and supply and there is nothing else – and explains the love and compassion in terms of demand and supply with the ‘economist theory of social relationships’ – is that, why we should occupy Architects to construct buildings when an engineer can do the job at a lower price with lower fees of consultancy. There is no argument that there are major drawbacks to these theories. The reality lies beyond their scope – it is human desire that generates the demand they talk about – the desire, as pictured by Shakespeare or Buddha, that draws us to the grave leaving behind us ‘a tale told by an insane one – full of glamour, sound and fury and with no meaning’.

 When an economist says that it is an uneconomical use of words in a poem to say “half a league, half a league, half a league – onwards” where it is possible to say “one and half leagues – onwards”, the poet can well argue and flatten the economist. But an Architect cannot! Architecture is directly related to money and investments and therefore the architect has to justify with terms of economics the extra five words of his poetry.

The simple argument intelligible to the money minded investor and his cost consultants is that the work of Architecture adds value to a building – the value of a building constructed spending one billion is only one billion where as if the same building erected as a piece of Architecture spending one and half billions, may worth two billions and therefore it is beneficial even if he pays quarter billion to the consultant.

 Any piece of Architecture has a value beyond the quantitative materialistic point of view of the economics. But value added design refers to the measurable economic benefit gained due to a design. Works of an Architect today, if to be sold in front of a client, must be pictured as increasing the economic value and potential of places and buildings. To project confidence on the client, the Architect has to demonstrate what he talks about with work examples.

 HOW ECONOMIC VALUE IS GENERATED BY ARCHITECTURE

 The argument here is that Architecture generates economic value by the virtue of cleaver design. Architecture moderates the way a place is perceived by people and thereby builds the image of the business and it is one of the main sources of customer attraction. Architecture accelerates the development of a business and therefore acts as a factor that adds value to the business.

 VALUE OF A BUILDING DEPENDS ON ITS DESIGN THAN ITS CONSTRUCTION COST

 A number of methods of cost controlling are proposed by those who are engaged in the business of construction such as quantity surveyors, contractors and architects the world over. One of the most restrictive concepts of cost controlling that come to influence a design at the preliminary sketch stage is Building morphology. The rules of morphology depicts that it is uneconomical to build long buildings, spreaded buildings and scattered individual units. What it indirectly suggests is that the most economical form of a building is a rectangular box. The other restriction is the idea that the building is profitable when the circulation spaces are minimised.

 In this method the cost consultants and quantity surveyors can compare building Design Proposals and comment on the building cost. For instance compairing the percentages of rentable spaces it will be suggested that the proposal with a higher amount of rentable space is going to gain much profit, The drawback to this argument lies in the fossil assumption that  the demand for the space is equal in both cases. For instance comparing Borella supper market and Majestic City, the theory of morphology will suggest the Borella supper market to be a far superior design with a minimal amount of circulation space, maximum utilization of land and almost box form that minimises the construction cost. But we know that in reality the design is an utter failure.

 The rentable value of floor area is about twenty times lower in Borella super market and the occupancy factor is only about 40% where as in Majestic City it is almost fully occupied.

Dark narrow corridors and less lobby spaces with its blank facades have created an unpleasant and distractive building. This is a classic example which shows that the most economical building by no means is the most profitable building. It is clear enough today that the economic value of a building depends on its design.

 ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT DESIGNS HAVE AN ECONOMIC VALUE IN THEM

 Architecture therefore has a commercial value, it is something that can be sold with the building and enhances its sellable price. The market price of rentable space will depend on the spatial quality of the building rather than the cost of its materials. A cleaver piece of Architecture adds value to the property as well as to the place.

 ECONOMIC VALUE OF ARCHITECTURE AS A FORM OF ART

 Architecture is defined by most theorists as a form of art although it has many other social, economical and psychological aspects. Architecture is said to be ‘frozen music’ where when you move through a building you experience an orchestration of spaces. Being a work of art a piece of architecture is said to be containing with it an artistic value.

 ECONOMIC VALUE OF A FUNCTIONING BUILDING

The fact how well a building works moderates its economic value. A hospital a railway station or a factory for instance will increase or decrease the productivity and quality of service depending on the cleaver establishment of relationships and creation of correct atmosphere to the function of the building. A design that simply works well therefore has a value over another one which is not.

 ECONOMIC VALUE DUE TO CLEAVER SELECTION OF FUNCTION AND SITE

 Charles Correa identifies a city as an engine of economy and buildings as its spare parts. If the role of a building in the city is correctly identified and placed in the correct location that act itself will increase the impotency of that building and therefore the value of the building will increase.

 On the other hand the idea of the sociologists is that places in a city have economic potentials due to prioritisation of functions and movement of people. The identification of the potential of site will increase the value of the building erected at that site and will contribute to the development of the business.

 ECONOMIC VALUE DUE TO SOCIAL BELIEFS ON A BUILDING

 The social belief that a building is a perfect one, regardless whether it is actually so, will contribute to the economic value of it. For instance the Torrington square of Colombo or the Colombo town hall contains with them an enormous value not due to any virtue of the design or the historical value but merely due to the social belief that they are perfect of perfection.

 HOW ARCHITECTURE BECOMES A VALUE ADDED SERVICE

 Value added service of architects thus can be defined as increasing the pre conceived commercial value of a building or a building complex by cleaver exploitation of above mentioned value related aspects of building with the virtue of the special knowledge and ability of the Architect.  However to make an investor confident of the added value to his building at the very beginning of a project is a problem due to their method of perseverance of value.

 NEED TO CONSIDER ARCHITECTURAL QUALITATIVE ATTRIBUTES IN PROJECT APPRAISALS

 A. Demodaran in his book ‘Investment Valuation’ says that it’s a myth to believe that valuation is objective since valuation models are quantitative. However in the case of a building project appraisal, the changes in the parameters such as rentable value of the created space and the increased value of land due to the particular subjective aspects of the project are hardly considered. For instance the consideration of the present opportunity cost of land is considered as a parameter that does not vary due to the erection of a building of particular nature.

 On the other hand valuation is quantitative. Therefore the consideration of qualitative attributes is totally neglected. The added value due to the personality of the building has no way to enter into valuation in terms of numbers.

 ADDED VALUE OF ARCHITECTURE AS THE FORM OF SPATIAL ART

 The ability of architecture to add value to a building is discussed. Architecture as the spatial art can invariably moderate its perceived moods, behaviour patterns as well as value but those aspects to be taken as important in providing a value added service and in expressing them with confident at the preliminary stages of feasibility are hard to grasp. While Qualitative parameters of value added services are already taken into discussion in the previous chapter, this is a consideration of strategic parameters of the subject.

 VALUE ADDED BY CLEVER IDENTIFICATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF THE CONTEXT

 

The most important element of a value added design is the out look for potentials of places. The identification of the potential activity and the business of a place will occur both the rise of value of the created building and also the value of its context. Kurokava identifies this as the philosophy of symbiosis where two or more things exist in harmony due to the drawn inter-connected relationships.

 

The proposed Crescat parking building and the restaurant building at the Oberoy site is such an example where the presence of the parking and the restaurant exploits the potential of the presence of the hotel and the apartment building by using both as its catchments area of customers. On the other hand the presence of such a parking and restaurant will increase the vale of apartment blocks and the value of the hotel too.

 The architects’ intervention in identification of those potentials shall be taken as a direct contribution of the profession of Architecture to add value to a project.

 ADDED VALUES DUE TO THE VIRTUES OF CREATED PSYCHO-SOCIO SPACE

 ‘A postulate of sound investing is that an investor does not pay more for an assert than its worth. The price that is paid for any assert should reflect the cash flow it is expected to generate’ Says A. Damodaran in his ‘Investment Valuation’.

 Magic or the misery of Architecture is that it will moderate the perceived value of a space. Architecture under another light can be defined as a psycho-social art where what is created by Architecture is psychological and sociological space. The exploitation of the ability of space to project psychological impacts on those who perceive that space and exploitation of the spatial potential to induce a certain kind of social behaviour will reflect back an added value to the Architectural space.

 

If the moderation of the cash flow due to this assert of Architecture is cleverly traced by the Architect, then only the true price of his service come to be visible.

 

THE PRESENCE OF THE ARCHITECT AS A HIGH PROFILE PERSON ITSELF HAS A VALUE

 

Architecture is said to be one of the glamorous professions in the world. Therefore the presence of the name of an Architect itself may bring value to a building. For instance the presence of the name Geofrey Bawa itself increases the reputation and tourist attraction to his hotels and the presence of the name Sit Norman Froster have increased the reputation of his Hong Kong and Shanghai bank. The amount of publications and seminars held the world over on the subject of Froster and his design has made the bank a world wide reputed place and that reputation adds value to their business.

 

NEED TO DEMONSTRATE BY WORK EXAMPLE

 

The intention of this essay is both to emphasise on the need of value added design and the need to demonstrate by work examples. A demonstration of work examples shall not be an advertisement but a presentation of a portfolio. The value of the work examples are as fallows.

 

TO DEVELOP INVESTORS CONFIDENCE

 

An architect should express his arguments with facts and those should not appear to be dreams. For instance the Kansai Air Terminal, the world’s longest structure, designed by Ranso Piano spends forty percent of its income for maintenance yet works as profitable. The air terminal has no other virtue over other air terminals than its architecture. However the greatest difficulty is to build the confidence of the investor in the case of such a project that it is possible.

 

The only possible tool at the very beginning stage of the project to display that the thoughts of the Architect is not just dreams, is the work examples.

 

FOR THE JUSTIFICATION OF THE CHARGES OF ARCHITECTS

 

What ever the determined price of Architecture by the governing bodies be, the market price of architecture is going down and existence of a black market price and a competition in the field is common knowledge. In such a situation, justification of the charges of the Architect is at a crisis.

 

The need to bring out the argument of added value and the demonstration with the work examples to establish the argument is essential for the individual Architect to make sure the reasonability of his payments.

 

CONCLUSION

 

‘The hallmarks of modern marketing are customer orientation and a long range or strategic view point that makes an organisation responsible to its ever-changing environment’ says E.W.Fredrick in his ‘Industrial Marketing Strategy’. The environment of architects has change a lot when compared to the same in twenty years back, resulting the profession challenges of facing competition and clients confronted with people from the construction industry. The service of the Architect shall be questioned and occasionally brought into courts.

 

For Architecture to continue as important and glamorous as it was earlier, the need of customer orientation and a long term strategic viewpoint is required as suggested by E.W.Fredrick. The role and the so called Devine service of the Architect is to be well justified for ‘the customer’ to protect Architects’ role as the leader of the team and the first person of the project. “The view often expressed that designers must provide leadership and that if they do not the quality of the building in both function and aesthetics will suffer. The weakness in this argument were provided by a plethora of studies which suggested that the traditional method of independent practice was equally susceptible to considerable criticism for inadequate performance of building not only in function and aesthetic terms but also in technical, cost control and management aspects” says T.Muir in his ‘Collaborative Practice in the Built Environment’.

 

Therefore the need to demonstrate the service an Architect provides s and the benefit of the customer, in terms of work example, is an essential need of the day. The development of the customers’ confidence on the so called added value is important in the sense that no investor will ever take an unnecessary risk.

 

ARCHITECTURE ADDS VALUE TO BUSINESS

 

Working with developers and investors, the Architect acts as a professional involved in a business. In which situation, though the Architect has to keep at the back of his mind his social responsibilities, has to work for the client whom is going to pay him for the services.

 

INCREASE THE RENTABILITY OF SPACE

 

The most concerned matter as thought by the investors in which case will be the rentable floor area. The idea behind the argument is that more the rentable area more will be the profit gain. The mutability of this argument was discussed in the first chapter of this essay but what we argue here is the fact that it should be demonstrated in terms of the very design and with work example.

 

What matters is the rentability of space and not the rentable amount. Rentability imbeds in it the added value. The designers have succeeded in justifying the large corridors of Majestic City when the question of decreasing rentable floor area is raised. Kandalama hotel is another classic example where more than fifty percent of the space is for corridors and passages and yet generating profit while many other tourist hotels are at a crisis.

 

DEVELOPMENT OF CLIENT ATTRACTION AND PROJECTION OF PERSONALITY OF A BUSINESS

 

A quality design on the other hand will increase the amount of client attraction resulting acceleration of business there by adding value to the business, place and the building. For instance the interior design of ODEL Unlimited, with its all weak points of anti response to tropical climate and depiction of pseudo culture in the form of a meaningless green house with dried palmyrah trees, seems to be acting as a place of attraction and contributes to the development of the business.

 

CONTEMPORARY NEED OF VALUE ADDED SERVICE

 

the need of value added service is felt today and will be felt much strongly in near future in the field of construction industry and the other fields of business where due to the competition, the need of customer attraction and erection of image and the personality of the companies become intensively important. In which case Architecture is seen becoming an important tool of competition.

 

ARCHITECTURE IS AN ART AS WELL AS A BUSINESS

 

At the time of Picasso it may be, but today it is impossible to declare Architecture as a pure form of art simply due to the fact that Architect has to face a competition to win bread and butter for his company. Therefore the Architect has to seek a balance between his art and business.

 

Architect has to sell his products to the clients and in which case it is impossible to imagine that his clients are willing to buy any thing the Architect produce with the belief that Architecture is great and divine. A. Demodaran in his Investment Valuation states – ‘value of an assert is irrelevant as long as there is a “bigger fool” around, who is willing to buy the assert from them. While this may provide basis for some profits, it is a dangerous game to play, since there is no guarantee that such an investor will still be around when the time to sell comes.’

 

VALUE ADDED DESIGN IS AN ESSENTIAL INGREDIENT OF THE CONTEMPORARY BUILDING INDUSTRY

 

In near future, those investors and developers being intelligent, there will be a day where those works of Architects will be compared in terms of added value with methods of project appraisal that are broader in scope rather than with the existing prejudices of ‘capital concerned cheaper construction’ and ‘narrow band life circle costing’.

 

In which case the need of the architect to add value to the design as well as the need of the demonstration in terms of work examples will be paramount.

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY

 

1

 

CALVERT R.T.

 

INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING MANAGEMENT

 

LEWISN PRINTED LTD, LONDOM

 

1971

 

2

 

SAMUELS T.M.

 

MANAGEMENT OF CONTEMPORARY FINANCE

 

CHAPMAN AND HALL, LONDON

 

1995

 

3

 

FREDRICK E.W.

 

INDUSTRIAL MARKETING STRATEGY

 

JOHN WILEY AND SONS LNC.

 

1984

 

4

 

DEMODARAN A.

 

INVESTMENT VALUATION

 

JOHN WILEY AND SONS LNC

 

1996

 

5

 

GERALD L.W.

 

FINANTIAL STATEMENTS

 

JOHN WILEY AND SONS LNC

 

1994

 

6

 

GOLZEN G.

 

HOW ARCHITECTS GET WORK

 

ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDING PRACTICE GUIDERS LTD

 

1984

 

7

 

WILLIS A.J.

 

THE ARCHITECT IN PRACTICE

 

RICHERD CLAY LTD, GREAT BRTAIN

 

1970

 

8

 

MUIR T.

 

COLLABORATIVE PRACTICE IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT

 

E AND FN SPON, LONDON

 

1995

 

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Green building is a technique that employs smart design, advanced technology, sustainable construction, and maintenance elements that create a building that has a minimal impact on the environment and creates a healthy environment for residents in the building. This type of building can be used for houses, office buildings, schools, and community centers. Green building occurs in all climates, from the hot and arid climate of Arizona to the bitter cold winters of Maine. It is estimated that 10% of new home construction in 2010 will be green.

A building does not necessarily have to be built green, as many buildings can be made green or greener well after they were originally built. The greening of a building can be done gradually and can be as easy as installing EnergyStar rated appliances, employing methods to reduce water consumption and heat loss, or creating natural landscape features on the property.

The majority of green built buildings built in the United States comply with and are certified under the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) standards. LEED is a rating system for building green and places emphasis on sustainable site development, water savings, energy efficiency, materials selection, and indoor environmental quality.

Many green buildings employ passive solar heating and lighting, motion sensor based lighting, low flow water appliances, high levels of insulation, recycled building materials, and gray water reuse. Green buildings are not only great for the environment, but it has been found that green schools offer economic and health benefits to the school system and students that they serve.

There are many benefits that can be realized by producing and living in a green environment. These buildings create a healthy environment for those who are in them, they are cost-efficient, and they are also environmentally friendly.

Green buildings are healthier since toxin-free building materials help to reduce indoor air pollution. Some green buildings also use natural ventilation systems to ensure that those inside have constant access to fresh air. It has been found that people who work in green buildings are more productive and take less sick days when compared to others who work in traditional buildings.

This style of building can sometimes be a little more expensive when looking at upfront building or remodeling costs, but they save the owner money in the long run. As these types of building projects become more commonplace, the upfront costs associated with them should continue to decrease. Since this style of building is produce with conservation in mind, monthly energy, heating/cooling, and water bills are lower than in standard buildings. There are also many tax breaks that are offered to owners of these buildings on the local, state, and federal level.

Green buildings are very environmentally friendly. Most green homes use an average of 40% less energy than comparable standard built homes. This decrease in energy consumption reduces the use of coal and oil and can help to lessen global climate change. Many green buildings are produce with recycled or renewable materials such as bamboo, hemp, and wood certified by the Forest Stewardship Council.

If you are interested in learning more about green building, check out the website of the U.S. Green Building Council or contact an Emerging Green Builders group in your area.

Learn more about this author, Joan Huston.

The urban sprawl of cities cover only 0.4% of the world’s surface, yet they generate the majority of the carbon emissions responsible for global warming (State of the World 2007, Worldwatch Institute, January 2007). As more and more of the global population migrate from rural areas into burgeoning cities of concrete and bitumen, the issue of green spaces become ever more critical. The urban roofscape of growing cities that displaces the natural environment is a hellish place hot bituminous surfaces, extreme temperature contrasts, high winds and an antipathy to water. Some cities have turned to innovative approaches, transforming city rooftops into living gardens in the sky.

Sod houses on the American prairie commonly had living roofs, as did the log houses of Northern Europe. But it has only been recently that the trend has caught on in the modern cities. On commercial buildings, a green roof is typically made up of four layers a layer of water proof membrane, followed by storage cups to store excess water, a growing medium of soil composite and vegetation. With new and improved technology, the membranes spread across rooftops can now capture water for irrigation, allow drainage, support growing plants, and resist invasion of roots into building structure. In some cities such as Germany, Switzerland and Austria, living roofs are required by law if roofs are of a suitable pitch. In other places, architects and builders are given fee reductions to encourage the use of green roofs.

The Benefits of Green Roofs

These roofs mitigate environmental extremes that are the norm on conventional roofs. In many cases they are self sustaining, capturing water from rains and reducing storm water runoff. When rain falls on normal roofs, it runs off the city in floods into storm drains, unabsorbed and undeterred. A living roof absorbs the water, filters it, slows it down and stores some of it for later use. This reduces the risk of sewer overflows during flash floods and returns cleaner water to the surrounding watershed.

Although the cost of installing a green roof can be two to three times that of a normal one, it is likely to be cheaper in the long run due to energy savings. A living roof acts as insulation against the hot rays of sun beating on a normal rooftop. Cities tend to be warmer than the surrounding areas due to the high concentration of glass and concrete. The soil mixture and vegetation atop a green roof reduces heating and cooling costs of the building it grows on by as much as 20 percent. (Green Roofs, Verlyn Klinkenborg, National Geographic Magazine, May 2009).

The beauty of these green roofs improves the urban landscape. It provides a sanctuary for animals and plants in concrete cities. In New York City, the High Line, once an abandoned railway line used for delivering cattle, has been completely transformed. More than 100 species of plants, many of them native, line the first phase of the promenade, now open to the public. A rusting, dilapidated eyesore is now a haven of wilderness, 30 feet above the streets of Manhattan (After Years of Advocacy, Newly Renovated High Line Opens, Robin Pogrebin, New York Times, June 2009).Other unconventional spaces are being utilized, anything from canal banks in London to bus shelters in downtown San Francisco to sheds in Oregon.

As the global food crisis escalates and more farmland is given over to bio fuel crops, green roofs can offer an alternative source of food. In Vancouver, the Fairmont Waterfront Hotel grows fruits, vegetables, herbs and honey worth about $16,000 annually to be used in the kitchens. On the other side of the world, rice grown atop a sake company’s head office in Tokyo is used to brew the popular drink (Green Roofs). The 2012 Olympics held in London could see athletes being fed off harvests of potatoes and brussels sprouts from local rooftops, which are thought to comprise an area 24 times that of Richmond Park, a 1,000 hectare Royal Park to the west of London. (London rooftops could be turned into allotments, Chris Irvine, The Telegraph, November 2008).

234182_m Learn more about this author, Peggy Tee.

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), green building is “the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction.”(1)

The EPA goes on to list the seven primary components of green building including energy efficiency and renewable energy; water efficiency; environmentally friendly building materials and specifications; waste reduction; toxics reduction; indoor air quality; and smart growth and sustainable development.

But exactly what makes a building “green?”

The EPA describes a green building as “a structure that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout its life-cycle…Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by efficiently using energy, water, and other resources; protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity; [and] reducing waste, pollution and environment degradation. For example, green buildings may incorporate sustainable materials in their construction (e.g., reused, recycled-content, or made from renewable resources); create healthy indoor environments with minimal pollutants (e.g., reduced product emissions); and/or feature landscaping that reduces water usage (e.g., by using native plants that survive without extra watering).”(2)

Green building doesn’t start when the hammer hits the first nail. It begins with a comprehensive building plan that takes into account not simply energy reduction, but environmental sustainability and water use as well. For example, approximately four tons of waste are typically thrown into a landfill during the construction of a 2,000 square foot home. That’s substantial when one considers the millions of homes built in the great housing boom during the past decade. A good green building plan accounts for this and diverts the waste away from the landfill, opting to recycle it instead. Another example is the use of recycled materials in the home.

In point of fact, the true definition of green building lies in its holistic approach to construction projects that include environmental as well as energy and water conservation. It’s about the entire construction process from inception to completion and beyond.

Though many builders today are beginning to market their new construction projects as “green,” it isn’t just about tossing in a few Low-E windows here and 14-SEER air conditioning units there. It’s about sustainable site design; stormwater management; and the use of recycled materials in the construction process. It’s about total net carbon dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere and overall consumption of fossil fuels during any given project. It’s about diverting construction waste products away from landfills, and using low-VOC materials including paint and carpeting. It’s about reducing interior and exterior water consumption and innovating new ways of conserving energy.

And more poignantly, it’s about reaping a high return on investment in the form of lower utility costs and increasing sales. Learn more about green homes @ www.greenhomeguide.org.

Source Notes:
1) http://www.epa.gov/greenbuildi ng/pubs/about.htm
2) http://www.epa.gov/greenbuildi ng/pubs/faqs.htm

250508_m Learn more about this author, Daniel J. Gansle.